Please note that the page numbers refer to the printed version of Superior Force.

This index is provided for reference purposes only.

Note: Spellings of names, places and ships are those that were in common use throughout the period.

Figures appearing after ships’ names indicate year of completion, main armament and approximate measurements for weight, length and design speed.

Abadan, 263

Abruzzi, Vice-Ammiraglio Luigi Amedeo di Savoia-Aosta, Duke of the (1873-1933) Italian Inspector of Torpedo Craft (1911-12); Commander-in-Chief, Italian Fleet at Taranto (1914-17), 13, 15

acquittal (of Troubridge), v, 294-5

Admiralissimo, French, 289

Admiral Spaun (Austrian scout cruiser, 1910), 376 n.31

Admiral Superintendent, Malta, 28, 100, 121, 183, 190, 279, 285, 349

Adrianople, 156-9, 223

Adriatic, iv, 5, 7, 12, 18, 21, 29, 3-2, 34-5, 52-3, 74-6, 79-81, 84, 86-7, 90-93, 95-6, 100-106, 113, 120-24, 125, 127, 129, 130, 132, 133, 135, 137, 156, 184-5, 192, 243-5, 268-9, 271-4, 276, 287-9, 299, 302, 304-5, 309, 323, 335, 350-1, 386 n.21, 398 n.5

Aegean, i, 20, 75, 93, 116, 120-3, 125, 127-32, 135, 138, 150, 156-9, 161, 163, 165, 167-9, 175, 183-4, 187-8, 194-5, 228-9, 251, 271, 272, 274, 276-7, 281, 288-9, 308-9, 312, 401 n.66

Aegean Islands question (see Islands question)

Afghan army, 327

Afghanistan, 263

Africa, 6, 55

African coast, 51, 55, 70, 72, 74, 86, 93, 180, 268

Agadir, 6

Agamemnon (British semi-dreadnought, 1908, 4x12in, 16,090 tons, 443 ft, 18kts), 309, 311, 315, 318, 323-4, 427 n.31, 428 n.56

agents (see secret agents)

Agincourt (British dreadnought, ex-Sultan Osman I, ex-Rio de Janeiro, 1914, 14x12in, 27,500 tons, 671ft, 22kts), 258, 421 n.3

aircraft, 168, 314-6, 318, 321-3

Aivali, 228

Ajaccio, 89

Alatri, 15

Albania, 16, 21, 23, 28, 32, 154, 156, 158, 160-1, 180, 211

Albanian revolt, 154-5

Albatross (German aeroplane), 321

Albertini, Luigi, 409 n.6

Alexandretta (Iskenderun), 21, 132, 228, 236

Alexandria, 15, 21, 24-5, 28, 34, 99, 132, 136, 138, 145, 189, 220, 309, 333, 348, 351

Algeciras, 14

Algeria, 62, 88, 388 n.53

Algerian Army Corps (see Nineteenth Army Corps)

Algiers, 44, 51-2, 55, 56-7, 88

Alice, Princess, 149

Allenby, General (later Field Marshal Viscount) Edmund Henry (1861-1936) Commanded Egyptian Expeditionary Force (1917-18), 308, 326

Amalfi (Italian armoured cruiser, 1909, 4x10in, 9,832 tons, 23.5kts, 461ft), 153

Ambria (German steamship), 333, 391 n.35

ambush, 118

America, 169

American coal, 181

Amery, Leo, 329

Amiral Charnier (French armoured cruiser, 1894, 2x7.6in, 4,700 tons, 18.5kts, 348ft), 394 n.32

ammunition, 36, 50, 172, 295, 342, 353

Anatolia, 327

Andrew, Prince, 149

Andros, 134

Andros (German steamship), 333

Anglo-French Convention, 5, 41, 55, 93, 285

Anglo-French co-operation, 89

Anglo-French Entente, iii, 3

Anglo-French naval talks, 10, 21, 33

annexation, 157, 161, 180

Arabs, 263

Archangel, 230

Argentina, 167-8

Arif Pasha (Turkish Admiral), 426 n.23

Armenian atrocities, 327

Armenians, 326

armistice, 156, 158, 310, 326

Armstrong (shipbuilders), 163, 165-6, 172, 299, 300

Arthur, Prince, 379 n.77

Asia, central, 327

Aspern (Austrian protected cruiser, 1900, 8x12cm, 2,613 tons, 21kts, 317ft), 376 n.31

Asquith, Herbert Henry (1852-1928) Liberal MP (1886-1918, 1920-4). Home Secretary (1892-5); Chancellor of the Exchequer (1905-8); Prime Minister (1908-16); Secretary of State for War (30 March-5 August, 1914), 41, 55, 147, 260, 328-30, 375 n.12, 385 n.82

appoints Churchill to Admiralty, 7

his infelicitous conclusions, 9

opinion of Milne, 16-7

and British policy, July-August 1914, 35-6, 38-9, 328-30

his thoughts, 40

orders mobilization, 42

refuses to sanction attack on Goeben, 61-2

opinion of Venizelos, 212

and Turkish ambivalence, 215-6

and Greek offer, 217

orders Dardanelles Inquiry, 244

desires that Constantinople should be Russian, 262

convenes War Council, 264

assassinations:

King George 1, 148

Sarajevo, 14, 20, 272

Talaat Pasha, 327

Athens, v-vii, 78, 119, 121-2, 130-32, 137-9, 148-9, 152, 159-61, 167-71, 173-5, 180-1, 183-8, 190, 192, 194, 198, 200, 205, 208, 210, 216, 220, 222, 224-5, 227, 230, 239, 242, 245, 260, 265, 276-9, 281-2, 334-6, 400 n.52, 403 n.14

Atlantic, iv, 4, 10, 49-50, 54, 58, 389 n.68

atrocities, see Armenian atrocities

Australia, iv

Austria, iii, 3, 5, 9, 12, 18, 28-9, 41, 49, 74-5, 80-1, 92, 100, 121, 123-30, 133, 149, 154, 156, 159-60, 174-5, 184-5, 187, 192, 212, 214, 218, 221, 227, 238, 253, 256, 260-1, 264, 267, 288, 335, 350-1, 354, 383 n56

Austrian Declaration of War, 23

Austro-Hungarian Navy, 5, 7, 9, 12, 15, 26-7, 31, 44, 50, 76, 79, 80-1, 104, 106-7, 113-4, 120, 124-7, 132-3, 138, 273-4, 299, 304-5, 309, 335-6, 348, 350, 380 n.10, 398 n.5

Averoff, Giorgio, 151

Averoff (Greek armoured cruiser, 1911, 4x9.2in, 9,958 tons, 22kts, 462ft), 152-3, 157, 163-4, 229

Azores, 27

Babcock & Willcox, 168

Baghdad, 176

Bag(h)dad Railway, 326

Bahrein, 263

Balearics, 55-6, 59, 88, 269

Balfour, Sir Arthur James (later the Earl of Balfour, 1848-1930) Conservative MP (1874-85, 1885-1906, 1906-22). First Lord of the Treasury (1891-2, 1895-1902); Prime Minister (1902-5); First Lord of the Admiralty (1915-6); Foreign Secretary (1916-9), 283, 329, 420 n.32, 427 n.50

Balkan crisis, 5, 12, 17

Balkan Wars, 11, 151, 159, 161, 163, 172, 255

Balkan League, 154-5, 158

Balkan Confederation, 211-5, 217-8, 220-3

Baltic, 375 n.13

Barbarossa Heireddin (Turkish battleship, ex-Kurfürst Friedrich Wilhelm, 1891, modernized 1903-5, 9,900 tons, 6x280mm), 157

barracks, Tache Kéchla, 14

Barrow, Sir Edmund (Military Secretary of the India Office), 263

Basra, 87, 263

Bassewitz (German Chargé in Athens), 175

Battenberg, Prince Louis Alexander of (later Admiral of the Fleet, Marquess of Milfordhaven, 1854-1921) Director of Naval Intelligence, 1903-5; commanded 2nd Cruiser Squadron, 1905-7; second in command, Mediterranean 1908; C-in-C, Atlantic Fleet, 1910; Second Sea Lord, 1911; First Sea Lord, 1912-4. iv, vii, 12, 17, 19, 24, 27, 34-5, 41-2, 55, 61, 76, 93, 120, 149, 165-6, 170, 210, 224, 272, 281, 295, 384 n.76, 394 n.37, 398 n.5, 402 n.68, 412 n.18, 418 n.3, 422 n.18

recommends withdrawal of British ships from Mediterranean, 28-29

orders Goeben to be shadowed by two battle cruisers, 29, 31-2, 102-3

believes Goeben heading towards Gibraltar, 54, 60, 302

and respecting Italian neutrality, 62-3, 66, 75, 90-1, 269

replaced by Fisher, 67

orders blockade of Dardanelles, 139-40

friendship with Kerr, 145-7, 150, 205, 242

recommends Kerr for Greek Naval Mission, 148

disparages Turkish navy, 163-4

his reputation, 275-6, 283

his support for Milne, 288-90, 297

his indictment of Troubridge, 291, 293

Bax-Ironside, Sir Henry George Outram (1859-1929) British Minister at Berne (1909-11); at Sofia (1911-15), 221

Beagle (British destroyer, 1909, for details see Grasshopper), 96-7, 293

Beatty, Admiral David (1871-1936) Naval Secretary to the First Lord (1912); in command of the 1st Battle Cruiser Squadron from (1914); C-in-C, Grand Fleet (1916-19); First Sea Lord (1919-27), 9, 17, 320

Beauchamp, Lord (William Lygon, 1872-1938) Lord President of the Council (1914-15), 40, 384 n.82

Beaumont, Sir Henry (1867-1949) Counsellor at Athens (1910-4); Counsellor at Constantinople (1914: Chargé d’Affaires July-August 1914), 169, 300

Beirut, 21, 24

Belgian neutrality, 25, 38, 61, 388 n.50, 384 n.82

Belgian Security Treaty, 39

Belgium, 40, 329-30

Benckendorff, Count Alexander (1849-1917) Russian Ambassador at London (1903-17), 132-3, 137, 262, 335

Berchtold, Leopold, Count Von (1863-1942) Austro-Hungarian Ambassador at St. Petersburgh (1906-11); Minister for Foreign Affairs (1912-15), 238

Beresford, Admiral Sir Charles William de la Poer (1846-1919) Conservative MP (1874-80, 1885-9, 1897-1900, 1902, 1910-6). Commander-in-Chief, Mediterranean (1905-7); Channel (1907-9), 16, 352

Berlin, 15, 49-51, 53, 62, 74, 79-80, 129, 136, 160, 162, 173, 175-7, 180-2, 189, 200, 219-20, 252, 254, 268, 277-8, 326

Bertie, Sir Francis Leveson (since 1915, 1st Baron; 1918, 1st Viscount, 1844-1919) British Ambassador at Rome (1903-4); at Paris (1905-18), 124, 133, 212, 264, 405 n.41

Besika Bay, 157

Bethmann-Hollweg, Herr Theobald von (1856-1921) Prussian Minister of the Interior (1905-7); German Minister for the Interior (1907-9); German Imperial Chancellor (1909-17), 179

Bienaimé, Amiral Amadée (conducted the French parliamentary inquiry into the Goeben affair), 44

Birmingham (British light cruiser), 326

Bismarck, 14

Bizerta (Biserta), 43, 45, 55, 59-60, 70, 76, 83, 87, 89, 91-2, 118, 124, 267, 269-70, 287, 420 n.9

Black Sea, i, 48, 121, 133, 135, 141, 165, 176, 195, 208-9, 222-3, 225, 251-2, 254-6, 264, 274, 278, 280, 308-10, 335-6, 348, 403 n.14

Black Prince (British first class armoured cruiser, 1906, 6x9.2in, 13,550 tons, 23kts, 505ft), 24, 27, 101, 396 n.7

Blackburn Baby (aeroplane), 315

Blake, Robert, 329-30

Blohm and Voss, 12-3

Blücher (German armoured cruiser, 1910, 12x8.2in, 15,590 tons, 24kts, 530ft), 203-4, 337-8

Bogados (Bogabos, Bogadir, Bogador), 122, 134-5, 190-3, 198, 247, 411 n.47 (see also Polymitis)

Boghali, 317

Bokhara, 327

Bolsheviks, 326-7

Bombay, 263

Bona, 49-51, 54, 56, 58-60, 87

Bonifacio, 75

Bosnia-Herzegovina, 5, 211

Bosnian crisis, 6

Bosphorus, 13, 19-20, 48, 79, 87, 154, 171, 222, 260-1, 266

Boulogne, 37

Bourchier, James David (1850-1920) Times’ correspondent in the Balkan peninsula (1892-1918), 154-5, 173

Bowalar (Bowalor), 82, 119

Boyle, Captain W. H. D. (British Naval Attaché), 18, 164, 354-6

Brandenburg (German battleship), 152, 164

Brazil, 165-6

Brazilian battleships, 163-4, 166

Breslau (German light cruiser, 1912, 12x4.1in, 4,570 tons, 27.5kts, 455ft ), i, v-vi, 11, 15-6, 22-3, 26, 28-9, 32, 34, 42, 44, 46, 48, 50-4, 57-61, 64-5, 68-72, 74-78, 81-4, 86, 88-92, 94-8, 101, 106, 108, 113, 116-22, 125, 127, 132-7, 139-40, 177, 180, 182-3, 187-8, 190-7, 199-200, 210, 213, 215, 242, 252, 254, 258-60, 264, 268-9, 271, 274, 277-9, 282-3, 285-6, 288-90, 292, 298, 302, 308-16, 324, 331, 333-4, 341-2, 344, 381 n.16, 387 n.34, 390 n.6, 395 n.45, 403 n.12, 404 n.28, 411 n.44, 412 n.4

Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, 424 n.2

Bridgeman, Admiral Sir Francis Charles (1848-1929) Commander-in-Chief, Home Fleet (1907-9); First Sea Lord (1911-2, removed to make way for Battenberg), 147

Brindisi, 16, 28, 32, 46, 48, 68, 99, 104, 381 n.16

British Cabinet, 5, 9, 25, 28, 36-42, 46, 49, 61-2, 66, 141, 156, 159, 202-3, 215, 217-8, 255, 257, 268-9, 328, 384 n.74

British Expeditionary Force, 36-7, 40, 330

Brixham, 331

Broome, Viscount (Henry Franklin Chevalier Kitchener), 339, 343

Bruix (French armoured cruiser, 1896, 2x7.6in, 4,700 tons, 19kts, 348ft), 394 n.32

Brussels, 173-5

Buchanan, Sir George William (1854-1924) British Agent and Consul-General in Bulgaria (1903-9); Ambassador at St Petersburg (1910-18); at Rome (1919-21), 131, 212, 221, 229, 261, 263, 334-5, 419 n.25

Bucharest, 219-20, 229

Buckingham Palace, 384 n.73

Bulair, 228

Bulgaria, 49, 171, 174, 179, 182, 189, 211, 215-6, 218, 237, 240, 264-5, 282, 415 n.44, 416 n.26, n28

declares independence, 5

attitude of, 79-80, 141, 175, 177, 212, 214, 279

and Balkan League, 154-5

First Balkan War, 156, 158

Second Balkan War, 158-9

believed to be siding with Central Powers, 180-1, 239

concession of Greek territory to, 213, 220-2, 227, 235-6

Greek fears of, 217, 223, 228-33, 237, 239-40, 246

negotiations with Turkey, 219

negotiations with Austria, 238

enters war, 255

capitulation of, 326

Bulldog (British destroyer, for details see Grasshopper), 96-9, 293

Bürkner, Dr, 338

Burney, Vice-Admiral Sir Cecil (a member of the Troubridge court-martial bench), 17

Burnu (see Nagara)

Buxton, Noel Edward (1869-1948) Liberal MP (1905-6, 1910-18), Labour MP (1922-30). Co-founded the Balkan Committee (1903), 223-4, 415 n.44

Bywater, Hector, 338

Cabinet (see British Cabinet, Greek Cabinet, Imperial German Cabinet, Turkish Cabinet)

Caillard, 300

Cairo, 137

Calabria, 52

Calais, 37

Callaghan, Sir George Astley, Admiral (1852-1920) Admiral commanding the First and Second Fleets (1911-14); Commander-in-Chief, the Nore (1915-18), 292-3, 297

Callwell, Major-General Charles Edward (1859-1928) Intelligence Branch, War Office (1887-92). Retired from the Army in 1909 and recalled to the active list in 1914. Director of Military Operations and Intelligence (1914-6), 224-5, 265

Cambon, M. Paul (1843-1924) French Ambassador at London (1898-1920), 10-1, 35-41, 65, 124, 328, 382 n.50, 384 n.77

Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry (1836-1908) Liberal MP (1868-1908); Prime Minister (5 December 1905-4 April 1908), 375 n.12

Canada, iv

Canadian dreadnoughts, iv

Cape Bon, 53, 89, 93

Cape Calonna, 85

Cape Corso, 88

Cape de Fer, 88

Cape Dimitri, 136

Cape Helles, 139, 312, 315-6

Cape Malea, 78, 82, 118, 122, 134-6, 190

Cape St Vincent, 349

Cape Santa Maria di Leuca, 5

Cape Spartel, 331

Cape Spartivento, 50, 53, 90, 94

Cape Spathi, 118, 122, 186, 399 n.13

Cape Town, 191

Cape Vito, 88

Capitulations, 177

Carden, Vice-Admiral Sackville Hamilton (1857-1930) Admiral Superintendent, Malta (1912-4); Commander of Anglo-French Squadrons in the Eastern Mediterranean (20 September 1914-16 March 1915), 241, 285

Carnock, Lord: see Nicolson, Sir Arthur

Carol [Charles] I (King of Roumania, 1881-1914), 160, 253

Cartwright, Sir Fairfax L. (1857-1928) Councillor of British Embassy at Madrid (1905-6); Minister Resident at Munich and Stuttgart (1906-8); Ambassador at Vienna, (1908-13), 354-5

Casablanca, 5

Cavalla (Kavalla), 159, 180, 182, 200, 221-2, 238-9

Cavendish, Lieutenant E. G. C., 425 n.11

Cephalonia, 99, 101, 105

Cervi Channel, 106, 118-21, 130, 138, 184

Chamberlain, Joseph Austen (1863-1937) Conservative MP (1892-1937); Chancellor of the Exchequer (1903-5), 329

Chanak, 20, 78, 82, 139-40, 191, 310, 320

Charlemagne (French battleship, 1895, 4x12in, 11,100 tons, 18kts, 374ft), 45

Charmley, Dr John, 418 n.3

Chatham, 21, 297

Chatham (British light cruiser, 1912, 8x6in, 5,400 tons, 25.5kts, 458ft), 19, 24, 31, 34, 51-3, 60, 72, 74, 76, 90, 111

Cheetham (British Chargé d’Affaires, Cairo, 1914), 137, 391 n.27

Cherbourg, 37

China, 21, 169, 425 n.11

Chios, 134, 156-7

Chocheprat, Vice-Admiral, 55-7

cholera, 156

Church, Captain W. D. (Captain, HMS Weymouth, 1914), 139-40

Churchill, Sir Winston (1874-1965) President of the Board of Trade (1908-10); Home Secretary (1910-11); First Lord of the Admiralty (1911-5), iv-v, 17-8, 21, 29, 38-43, 51-2, 55, 67, 74-5, 114, 129, 164-6, 170, 192, 205, 223, 227, 230-1, 235-7, 239-42, 256, 260, 276, 283-4, 289-91, 295-7, 300, 328, 375 n.15, 377 n.54, 378 n.55, 381 n.25, 382 n.48, 389 n.56, 415 n.44, 418 n.60-61, n.3, 421 n.3

views on Mediterranean strategy, 6, 8-10, 24-5, 28, 376 n.22, 379 n.4

appointed First Lord, 7

and ‘superior force’ telegram, 25-7, 34, 380 n.9-10

misgivings about small cruisers, 30

drafting operational telegrams, 34, 66, 295, 394 n.37

declares Goeben to be primary objective, 35

pledge to France, 41

seeks authorization to engage Goeben, 61-2

and Italian neutrality, 63, 394 n.37, 418 n.3

and centralization at Admiralty, 66-7, 276, 283

and declaration of war against Austria, 123-4

appoints Kerr, 147-9

appeals to Enver Pasha, 215

and plan to seize Gallipoli Peninsula, 224-5, 264-5

orders Kerr to remain in Greece, 241

and Dardanelles Commission, 243-4

his enmity towards Turks, 257-8

his apologia, 267-70, 275

attitude towards Troubridge, 305-6

Clerk, Sir George R. (1874-1951) First Secretary at Constantinople (1910-2); Senior Clerk at the Foreign Office (Eastern Department, 1913-4), 65, 236

Clowes, Laird, ii

Coatit (Italian protected cruiser, 1900, 12x3in, 1,340 tons, 23kts, 300ft), 376 n.31

Comte de Saint-Seine (French Naval Attaché): see Saint-Seine.

Committee of Imperial Defence, iv, 6, 8-9, 147, 245, 283, 300

Committee of Union and Progress, 154, 175-6, 220, 326

Condouriotis, Admiral Paul, (1855-1935) Commander-in-Chief, Greek navy, during Balkan Wars. First President of the Greek Republic (1924), 157, 185, 228, 241

Confederation, Balkan, 211-2, 215, 218, 220-3

Connaught, Duke of (see Arthur, Prince)

Conservatives, 36, 329

Constantine (1868-1923) King of Greece (1913-17 and 1920-2), 148-50, 159-60, 167, 181-82, 185, 194, 197, 204, 207, 210-1, 222, 230-1, 235, 240, 277, 406 n.16, 413 n.31

relations with Kerr, 149, 200-2, 245, 281-2

favours neutrality, 179-80, 212, 214, 228, 231, 409 n.6

reveals contents of 4 August telegram, 183, 199-200

opposes territorial concessions, 221-2

relations with Allies, 230

dispute with Venizelos, 232-4

Constantinople, iv, 11, 13-4, 18-20, 32, 35, 48-50, 78-9, 81-2, 117, 119, 121, 133-8, 140, 146, 148, 151, 154-9, 163-4, 166, 169, 171-5, 177, 183, 190, 194-5, 200, 208-9, 215, 218-20, 222-3, 228-9, 236, 253, 256-66, 268, 272-3, 275, 278-9, 292, 299-301, 306-7, 310, 320-2, 325-6, 328, 336, 406 n.20, 410 n.38, 413 n.33, 420 n.14-15, 426 n.24

Corbett, Sir Julian (1854-1922) Naval historian, 246, 298

Corfu, 101, 187-9, 202, 206, 320, 426 n.29

Corsica, 75, 88-9

Cosmetatos, S. P., 411 n.44

Cottrell (British consul), 187

Courbet (French battleship, 1913, 12x12in, 22,189 tons, 20kts, 551ft), 56-7, 88

Court of Inquiry, vi-vii, 120, 291, 298, 304

Craigforth (English merchant ship), 87

Crete, 5, 48, 119, 130, 135, 158, 184, 187

Crewe, Marquess (1858-1945) Secretary of State for the Colonies (1908-10); Secretary of State for India (1910-15), 39-40, 215, 263

cricket, 20, 379 n.74

Crowe, Sir Eyre (1864-1925) Entered Foreign Office (1885). Senior Clerk, British Foreign Office (1906-12); Assistant Under-Secretary for Foreign Affairs (1912-20); Permanent Under-Secretary (1920-5), 19, 123-4, 214-5, 300-1, 354-5, 408 n.41

Cumming, Mansfield George Smith, 353

Cunliffe-Owen, Major Frederick (1868-1946) Attached to the Greek Army during the Balkan Wars (1912-3); Military Attaché to Turkey (1913-4); Lieutenant-Colonel (October 1914), 222, 300

Cunninghame, Colonel Sir Thomas Montgomery (British Military Attaché), 197

Curzon, Lord, 424 n.34

Curzon-Howe, Admiral, 378 n.57

Cyclades, 134

Cyprus, 239

Daniels, Josephus (American Secretary of the Navy), 169

Danmark (Turkish tug), 321

Danton (French battleship, 1911, 4x12in, 18,318 tons, 19kts, 481ft), 55

Dar-es-Salaam, 48

Dardanelles (see also Gallipoli), i, vi, 20, 68, 78-81, 119, 124, 131, 133-4, 136, 138, 153, 156-7, 171, 176-7, 179, 182-4, 186, 188, 190, 193, 195, 209-10, 215, 219, 222, 225, 230-1, 236-7, 240-1, 243, 246, 259-61, 264, 267, 277-9, 283, 285-6, 290-1, 299, 308-9, 311-3, 315, 320, 323-4, 332, 334-5, 336, 340, 348, 351, 375 n.15, 403 n.12, 405 n.40

bombardment of, v, 258

mines laid in, 87, 137

Goeben arrives at, 139-40

Greek plan for capturing, 200, 228

Allied attack proposed, 223, 238, 242

Greek objections to proposal, 235, 238, 242

closure of, 255-6

Russian apprehension, 265

Dardanelles Inquiry, 67, 244, 251

Darrieus, Contre-Amiral (later Vice-Amiral) Pierre Joseph Gabriel Georges (1859-1931) Commanded Division des écoles de la Méditerranée (1913); commanded 3e escadre (Syrian Coast, 1914-15); commanded 2e escadre (1916-18), 44-5

Dartige du Fournet, Vice-Amiral Louis René (1856-1940) Senior Admiral of International Squadron at Constantinople (1912-13); Préfet Maritime, Bizerta, (1913-15), 89-90

Delcassé, M. Théophile (1852-1923) French Minister of Foreign Affairs (1898-1905 and 1914-9), 264

démarche, 157-8, 160

Demidoff (Demidov), Alim Pavlovich, Prince of San Donato, Russian Minister to Athens (1912-7), 183-4, 186, 211, 213, 216

Denusa, 134-5, 187, 271, 296, 412 n.4

Devonport, 287, 331-2

Devonshire, Duke of, 329

Dewar, Commander (later Vice-Admiral) Kenneth (1879-1964) Commander, HMS Prince of Wales, Home Fleet (1914), 71

Dillon, Dr. Emile Joseph (1854-1933) Philologist, author and journalist. Daily Telegraph correspondent (1887-1914), 173, 408 n.41

Dinusa (see Denusa)

Division de Complement, 45

Djavid, Pasha (1875-1926) Turkish Deputy for Salonica, member of the CUP inner circle. Minister of Finance (1909-11, 1912- ), 176

Djemal Pasha, Ahmed (1872-1922) Member of the CUP Central Committee. Vali of Adana (1909); of Baghdad (1911); Military Governor of Constantinople (1913); Minister of Public Works (1914); Minister of Marine (1914); commanded the 4th Army in Syria (1914-7); Minister of Marine (1917-8), 14, 20, 168, 172, 254, 256, 276, 299-300, 326-7, 404 n.37, 411 n.52

Dodecanese, 153, 157, 161

Doiran, 220

Dönitz, Karl, Junior officer, SMS Breslau (1914), 16, 381 n.16

Doumerge, 259

Dover, 5, 58-9, 375 n.13

Drake (British first class armoured cruiser (1903, 2x9.2in (14,150 tons, 23kts, 533ft), 146

Dresden, 11-2

Dublin (British light cruiser, 1913, for details see Chatham), 24-5, 29, 43, 59-60, 70-4, 83-4, 95-8, 108, 119-20, 125, 267, 270-1, 273-4, 287-8, 293, 395 n.45, 423 n.27

Duke of Edinburgh (British first class armoured cruiser, for details see Black Prince), 10, 24, 31, 34, 50

Dumas, Captain (later Admiral) Philip Wylie (1868-1948) Naval Attaché, Germany, Denmark and Holland (1906-8); Secretary, Royal Commission on Oil Fuel (1912-13); commanded HMS Roxburgh (1913-14); Assistant Director of Torpedoes, Admiralty (1914-17); commanded HMS Agamemnon (1917-18), 65, 131, 137, 311, 315-6, 318-9, 321, 334, 336, 398 n.47, 413 n.33, 425 n.9, 427 n.31

Dunkirk, 243

Durazzo, 15, 21, 23-4, 390 n.6

Durham, Miss M. Edith (1863-1944) Balkan Correspondent of the Manchester Guardian, etc., 22

E12 (British submarine, 1914, 667 tons 181ft, 5x18in torpedo tubes), 319-20, 325-6

E14 (British submarine, 1914), 318-20, 426 n.29

Edward VII, King, 16, 145

Eggert [Eggers] (Master of SS Wilster), 77, 392.n37

Egypt, 9, 93, 106, 116, 119, 121-2, 130-2, 215-6, 218, 261, 264, 289, 324, 334, 376 n.22, 414 n.23

Elliot, Sir Francis Edmund Hugh (1851-1940) British Agent and Consul-General in Bulgaria (1895-1903); Minister at Athens (1903-17), 161, 169, 184, 220-3, 225, 227-31, 235, 237-41, 409 n.16

Emanuele Filiberto (Italian battleship, 1902, 10,082 tons, 366ft, 18kts, 4x10in), 376 n.31

embargo, 176, 257, 275

Emden, 425 n.11

emergency vocabulary, 101

Empress (British ship), 318, 428 n.54

Enos, 312

Enos-Midia Line, 158

Entente Cordiale (see Anglo-French entente)

Enver Pasha (1882-1922) Turkish Military Attaché at Berlin (1909, 1912, 1913); served in the Italo-Turkish War (1912); Lieutenant-Colonel (1913); Major-General and Minister of War from 1914); commanded the Turkish Army in the Caucasus (1914-5), i, 79, 140, 158, 176-7, 215, 247, 252-7, 301, 306, 308-9, 326-7

Epirus, 155, 160-1

Erskine, Rt Hon. Sir William (1871-1952) Second son of the 11th Earl of Mar and Kellie. First Secretary, British Legation, Athens (1913-17), 169, 171-4, 184, 187-91, 193-4, 197-8, 201, 208-14, 216-7, 220, 277, 280, 334, 336, 408 n.16, 415 n.36

Esher, 2nd Viscount (Reginald Baliol Brett (1852-1930) Liberal MP (1880-5). A permanent member of the Committee of Imperial Defence (1905-18), 8, 16, 413 n25

Expeditionary Force (see under British or Indian)

exportation of coal, 188, 190

expulsion of Greeks, 168

Fano, 101-2, 303-4, 396 n.16

Fashoda, ii

Ferdinand, Archduke Franz, 13-4, 22

Ferdinand, King (1861-1948) King of Bulgaria (1909-18), 219, 416 n.28

Ferraby, H. C. 338

Findlay, Major (Aide de Camp to the Governor of Malta), 259

Fisher, Admiral Sir John Arbuthnot (later Admiral of the Fleet Lord Fisher of Kilverstone 1841-1920) Commander-in-Chief of the Mediterranean Squadron (1900-2); Second Sea Lord (1902); C-in-C, Portsmouth (1903); First Sea Lord (1904-10 and October 1914-May 1915). Head of the Royal Commission on Fuel and Engines (1912-4). Created Baron (1909), iii, 3-5, 7, 16-7, 27, 30, 67, 147, 204-5, 207, 243, 265, 271-2, 283, 290, 295-7, 337-8, 374 n.2, 375 n.11, 377 n.54, 378 n.55, n.57, 381 n.25, 413 n.25, 417 n.58, 420 n.32

Flanders, 256

fortifications (Dardanelles), 228

Frangulis, A.-F., 409 n.6

fraternization, 16, 425 n.11

Fremantle, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral Sir) Sydney (1867-1958) Prosecutor, Troubridge court-martial); commanded British Aegean Squadron (1917-18); Deputy Chief of the Naval Staff (1918-19), 293-4, 296, 303, 308-9

Fry, C. B., 379 n.77

Gaba Tepe, 228

Gallipoli campaign, v, 227, 235, 237, 242-3, 245, 265, 296

Gallipoli Peninsula, 223-5, 228, 234, 260, 264, 409 n.2

Gamble, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral) Douglas Austin (1856-1934) Naval Adviser to Turkish Government (1909-10); commander, 6th Cruiser Squadron (1910-4); 4th Battle Squadron (1914-5); Admiralty War Staff (1915-17), 152, 406 n.20

Ganges (collier), 87-8

Gaskell, Flight Lieutenant, 317

Gaulois (French battleship, 1899, 11,100 tons, 374ft, 18kts, 4x12in), 45

Gauthier, Dr Armand Elzéar, French Minister of Marine (1914), 44-6, 49, 272

Geddes, 325

General (German steamship), 48, 82, 332-3

Gennadius, John (1844-1932) Greek Minister to London (1910-8), 173, 414 n.23

Gibraltar, ii, iv, 8, 29, 54-5, 58-9, 63, 75, 102, 121, 138, 191, 288, 302, 349-50, 426 n.29

Giers, M. Michael Nikolaevich de (1856-1924) Russian Minister at Bucharest (1902-12); Ambassador at Constantinople (1912-4); at Rome (1915-7), 306

Gladstone, William Ewart, 330

Gliki aerodrome, 314

Gloire class, 311

Gloucester (British light cruiser, 1910, 4,800 tons, 453ft, 25kts, 2x6in), 24, 31, 34, 52-3, 74, 83, 85-6, 90-9, 101, 104-6, 108-9, 111, 113, 116-20, 125, 133-4, 139, 185, 188, 268, 271, 273, 286-9, 291, 293, 304, 395 n.45

Glucksburgs, 150

GMT (confusion with SMT), 127, 401 n.59

Goeben (German battle cruiser, 1912, 22,616 tons, 611ft, 26kts, 10x11.1in), i, iv-vi, 11-20, 24, 26, 28-35, 42, 44, 46-54, 56-62, 64-5, 68-78, 81-113, 115-22, 125-41, 148, 165, 176-7, 180, 182-3, 185-8, 190-200, 208-10, 213, 215, 222-3, 242, 247, 251-2, 254, 256-60, 264, 267-74, 276-80, 282-3, 285-306, 308-26, 331-2, 334-6, 375 n.8, 376 n.31, 377 n.37, 380 n.4, 381 n.16, 385 n.1, 387 n.31, n.34, 390 n.16, 391 n.27, 394 n.37, 395 n.45, n.57, 397 n.26, n.37, 398 n.47, n.49, 400 n.52, 401 n.66, 403 n.12, n.14, 404 n.28, 405 n.41, 411 n.44, 412 n.4, 418 n.3, 420 n.14, 426 n.24, n.28, 428 n.56

Gordon, Wing Commander, 318, 324

Goschen, Sir William Edward (1847-1924) British Ambassador at Vienna (1905-8); at Berlin (1908-14), 162

Gottberg, Otto von, 332-3

Gottlieb, W. W., 260, 277

Gough-Calthorpe, Vice-Admiral (later Admiral of the Fleet) Sir Arthur (1864-1937) Commanded 2nd Cruiser Squadron (1914-16); Second Sea Lord (1916); C-in-C, Mediterranean (1917-19), 323-5, 428 n.52

Graham’s Shoal, 72

Grand Vizier (see also Kiamil Pasha and Saïd Halim), i, 18-20, 48, 79-80, 140-1, 158, 162, 173-7, 190, 300, 306, 336

Grasshopper (British destroyer, 1909, 945 tons, 264ft, 27kts, 1x4in), 380 n.6, 400 n.35

Greece, 5, 25, 120, 129, 138, 145, 160, 162, 179, 182-3, 188-9, 191-2, 194, 197-8, 201-2, 204-5, 207-8, 210, 218, 223-4, 230, 240-2, 244-6, 251, 257, 259, 264-5, 276-7, 281-2, 354, 409 n.6, n.13, 413 n.18

tension with Turkey, 20, 150, 169, 171

British Naval Mission to, 152-3, 205, 210

and Balkan League, 154-5

and Balkan Wars, 156, 158-9

Aegean Islands question, 161

negotiations with Turkey, 173-5, 219-20

informed of Turco-German alliance, 180-1, 199

concessions of territory, 211-2, 227, 229, 235

pledge of support to Allies, 213-7

and Balkan Confederation, 221

and Allied proposals for Gallipoli campaign, 225-6, 228, 231-3, 236-8, 421 n.20

veto of use of troops, 239

war weariness, 278

Greek Navy, 147-9, 151, 157, 163-72

intercepts German signals, 121, 185-6

Greek Cabinet, 159, 216, 234

Greek Minister of Marine, 148, 167, 179, 228, 240

Greene, Sir William Graham (1857-1950) Principal Clerk, Admiralty (1902-7); Assistant Secretary (1907-11); Permanent Secretary (1911-7), 170, 390 n.75

Grey, Sir Edward (since 1916, Viscount (1862-1933) Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs (11 December 1905 — 11 December 1916), 19, 20, 25, 55, 61, 63, 78, 129, 137, 159, 163-8, 172-3, 189, 192-3, 206, 208, 210, 214-7, 219-20, 225, 230, 232, 235-41, 257, 260, 268, 278, 327, 330, 334, 336, 354-6, 383 n.56, 385 n.82, 403 n.12, 419 n.25

consents to Anglo-French naval talks, 4-5, 375 n.11-12

Grey-Cambon letters, 11

denies obligation to French, 35-9, 328

gives pledge to Cambon, 40-2

deliveries ultimatum to Berlin, 62, 388 n.50

and declaration of war against Austria, 123-4

warned by Russians that Goeben is proceeding to Dardanelles, 133, 335

St James’s Conference, 156-8

Islands question, 161-2

grants leave to Mallet, 169

concerned at closure of Dardanelles, 171

tries to absolve Foreign Office, 195, 279

supports Balkan Confederation, 212, 218, 221-2

reproves Churchill, 224

and Turkish neutrality, 227, 229

supports Russian war aims, 261-5

Gueshov, Ivan, Prime Minister of Bulgaria, 155

Gulf of Saros, 312

Hague Convention (1907), 63

Haifa, 14, 20

Haines, Albert Edward, 344

Haldane, Richard Burdon (since 1911 1st Viscount, 1856-1928) Liberal MP (1885-1911). Secretary of State for War (1905-12); Lord Chancellor (1912-5), 7, 36, 42, 375 n.12

Halil Pasha, (Chairman of the Turkish Chamber of Deputies), 219-20, 405 n.38

Halki, 334

Hall, Rear-Admiral (later Admiral Sir) William Reginald (1870-1943) Director of the Intelligence Division at the Admiralty (1914-8), 251

Hamburg, 12, 76, 166

Hamburg-Amerika Line, 391 n.35